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線性代數 ⟩ 向量 ⟩ 運算 ⟩ 向量除法
若 v≠0\mathbf{v} \neq \mathbf{0}v=0,則定義:uv=u⋅vv⋅v\dfrac{\mathbf{\color{orange}u}}{\mathbf{v}} = \dfrac{\mathbf{\color{orange}u} \cdot \mathbf{v}}{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v}} vu=v⋅vu⋅v
⭐️ 注意: u,v\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v}u,v 兩者不需平行
若 u=tv (v≠0)\mathbf{u} = {\color{orange}t} \mathbf{v} \ \ (\mathbf{v} \neq \mathbf{0})u=tv (v=0),則 uv=t\dfrac{\mathbf{u}}{\mathbf{v}} = \color{orange}tvu=t
證明:👉
若 u,v≠0\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v} \neq \mathbf{0}u,v=0,則: (uv)−1=vu ⟺ u∥v\left(\dfrac{\mathbf{\color{orange}u}}{\mathbf{v}}\right)^{-1} = \dfrac{\mathbf{v}}{\mathbf{\color{orange}u}} \iff \mathbf{u} \parallel \mathbf{v}(vu)−1=uv⟺u∥v
先備:向量長度性質 3、平行向量性質 1
sutv=(st)(uv)\dfrac{ {\color{orange}s} \mathbf{u} }{ {\color{orange}t} \mathbf{v} } = \left( \dfrac{ {\color{orange}s} }{ {\color{orange}t} } \right) \left( \dfrac{ \mathbf{u} }{ \mathbf{v} } \right)tvsu=(ts)(vu) ( t≠0,v≠0{\color{orange}t} \neq 0, \mathbf{v} \neq \mathbf{0}t=0,v=0 )
u+vw=uw+vw\dfrac{ \mathbf{u+v} }{ \mathbf{w} } = \dfrac{ \mathbf{u} }{ \mathbf{w} } + \dfrac{ \mathbf{v} }{ \mathbf{w} }wu+v=wu+wv ( w≠0\mathbf{w} \neq \mathbf{0}w=0 )
應用:射影座標性質1、
若 w≠0, w∥u ∨ w∥v\mathbf{{\color{orange}w}} \neq \mathbf{0}, \ \mathbf{{\color{orange}w}} \parallel \mathbf{u} \ \lor \ \mathbf{{\color{orange}w}} \parallel \mathbf{v} w=0, w∥u ∨ w∥v,則:uv=uw⋅wv\dfrac{ \mathbf{u} }{ \mathbf{v} } = \dfrac{ \mathbf{u} }{ \mathbf{{\color{orange}w}} } \cdot \dfrac{ \mathbf{{\color{orange}w}} }{ \mathbf{v} }vu=wu⋅vw
向量分解
圓弧插值法
射影向量