🔰Unicode

🚧 under construction -> tidy this page

JS ⟩ value ⟩ primitive ⟩ String ⟩ Unicode

• every Unicode character is assigned a code point.

• code points are divided into 17 code planes.

• one or more code points can be combined into a single grapheme cluster.

• character encoding transforms code points into code units.

• most JavaScript engines use UTF-16 encoding.

🗺️

Unicode

🧨

• By default, regular expressions work on code units, not actual characters❗

• Characters that are composed of two code units (e.g. emojis) behave strangely.

• Enable "/u" flag to support Unicode in regular expressions.

🔴

• code unit

• str.slice2() - returns substring (support Unicode).

👥 相關

• String extension - str.codeUnits, str.codePoints ...

🛠

• Unicode Utilities:

  • Character Properties - list all properties by a character
  • UnicodeSet - list all characters by a property
  • Property Aliases
  • Emojis

📗

• 📗 JS.info - flag "/u" & class \p={...}
• 📗 JS.info - multi-language "\w"
• 📗 Eloquent JS - International Characters
• ExploringJS ⟩ Atoms of Text - code points, JS characters, grapheme clusters

📘

• JavaScript Guide ⟩ Regular expressions ⟩ Unicode property escapes

🗣

• Javascript unicode string, chinese character but no punctuation

• Script (a writing system) = Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Han (Chinese) ... 👉 full list)

JS

const {log} = console;
const convert = require('./Converter.js');                

[
    convert.stringToCodeUnits("🍎"),    // [ 55356=a, 57166=b ]

    /🍎{3}/.test("🍎🍎🍎"),              // false❗️
    // assume 🍎 = ab (2 code units)
    // 🍎{3} = ab{3} = abbb ≠ ababab = 🍎🍎🍎

    convert.stringToCodeUnits("🌹"),    // [ 55356=a, 57145=c ]

    /<.>/.test("<🌹>"),                 // false❗️
    // assumn 🌹 = ac (2 code units)
    // <.> != <ac>

    /<.>/u.test("<🌹>"),                // true ⭐️
    // ✅ enable /u flag
    

    // 搜尋「漢字」
    `Hello Привет 你好`.match(/\p{sc=Han}/gu),  // [ '你', '好' ]

    // Script
    /\p{Script=Greek}/u.test("α"),      // → true
    /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test("α"),     // → false

    // Alphabetic
    /\p{Alphabetic}/u.test("α"),        // → true
    /\p{Alphabetic}/u.test("!"),        // → false
    /\p{Alphabetic}/u.test("漢"),       // → true

].forEach(x => log(x));

JS

const {log} = console;

/*
    - Alpha  (Alphabetic)           : letters
    - M      (Mark)                 : accents
    - Nd     (Decimal_Number)       : digits
    - Pc     (Connector_Punctuation): underscore '_' and similar characters,
    - Po     (Punctuation others)   : ?
    - Join_C (Join_Control)         : (200c, 200d) used in ligatures, e.g. in Arabic.
*/

// multi-language "word" character (like "\w", but in a Unicode sense)
let char = /[\p{Alpha}\p{M}\p{Nd}\p{Pc}\p{Join_C}]/gu;
let Po = /[\p{Po}]/gu;
let P = /[\p{P}]/gu;

let str = `Hi、你好，(+US$12.34-)。`;

[
    str.match(char),        // ["H","i","你","好","U","S","1","2","3","4"]
    str.match(Po),          // ["、","，",".","。"] ⭐️
    str.match(P),           // ["、","，","(",".","-",")","。"]
    
].forEach(x => log(x));j

properties

property	alias	meaning
\p{Script=Han}	\p{sc=Han}	漢字
\p{Letter}	\p{L}	a letter in any language.
\p{Number}	\p{N}	digit
	\p{Po}	punctuation (others) “，” 就屬於此類 ⭐️

📗 參考

💾 international characters

📗 🍎 - EmojiAll

💾 程式

• codepen ⟩ regex: Unicode

main categories and subcategories

• Letter L:

  • lowercase Ll

  • modifier Lm,

  • titlecase Lt,

  • uppercase Lu,

  • other Lo.

• Number N:

  • decimal digit Nd,

  • letter number Nl,

  • other No.

• Punctuation P:

  • connector Pc,

  • dash Pd,

  • initial quote Pi,

  • final quote Pf,

  • open Ps,

  • close Pe,

  • other Po.

• Mark M (accents etc):

  • spacing combining Mc,

  • enclosing Me,

  • non-spacing Mn.

• Symbol S:

  • currency Sc,

  • modifier Sk,

  • math Sm,

  • other So.

• Separator Z:

  • line Zl,

  • paragraph Zp,

  • space Zs.

• Other C:

  • control Cc,

  • format Cf,

  • not assigned Cn,

  • private use Co,

  • surrogate Cs.