📦URL

frameworks ⟩ Foundation ⟩ URL

💾 程式

var parts = URLComponents()
parts.scheme = "https"
parts.host = "example.com"
parts.path = "/v1/player"
parts.queryItems = [
    URLQueryItem(name: "name", value: "艾佛森")
]
// ⭐️ URLQueryItem 會自動做 URL encoding，所以有空格或中文都沒關係。
//                               ╭───────── query item ─────────╮
// https://example.com/v1/player?name=%E8%89%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%A3%AE

if let url = parts.url { ... }

⭐️ 重點

只有以下所列的 ASCII 字元能出現在網址裡，其它文字生成 URL 時將得到 nil。

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
0123456789-._~:/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;=`.

👉 彼得潘 ⟩ 使用 baseURL，URLComponents & URLQueryItem 產生 URL

• appendingPathComponent(_:) may read file metadata to determine whether the resulting path is a directory. This is done synchronously, and may have significant performance costs if the receiver is a location on a network mounted filesystem.

• call appendingPathComponent(_:isDirectory:) instead if you know whether the resulting path is a directory to avoid this file metadata operation.

URI

URI

URI syntax

https://bob:[e-mail]:8080/file;p=1?q=2#third
\___/   \_/ \___/ \______________/ \__/\_______/ \_/ \___/
  |      |    |          |          |      | \_/  |    |
Scheme User Password    Host       Port  Path |   | Fragment
        \_____________________________/       | Query
                       |               Path parameter
                    Authority

+-------------------+---------------------+
|        Part       |       Data          |
+-------------------+---------------------+
|  Scheme           | https               |
|  User             | bob                 |
|  Password         | bobby               |
|  Host             | www.lunatech.com    |
|  Port             | 8080                |
|  Path             | /file;p=1           |
|  Path parameter   | p=1                 |
|  Query            | q=2                 |
|  Fragment         | third               |
+-------------------+---------------------+

📘 手冊

• Foundation ⟩ Numbers, Data, and Basic Values ⟩

  • URL ⟩

    • appendingPathComponent(_:)

  • URLComponents

  • NSString

    • appendingPathComponent(_:) 👉 compare: URL ⟩ appendingPathComponent(_:)

    • addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters:) - 將非 ASCII 字元轉換成 % 搭配十六進位數字 (URL encoded)

📗 參考

• Swift 建立 URL - URLComponents

• 彼得潘 ⟩ 使用 baseURL，URLComponents & URLQueryItem 產生 URL

• Sundell ⟩ Constructing URLs in Swift ⭐️

• SwiftLee ⟩ URLs in Swift: Common scenarios explained in-depth ⭐️

• Swift Playgrounds ⟩ Image Gallery (Data Model: Gathering Image URLs)

• Get URLs for system folders in iOS 16 (⭐ ⭐️ iOS 16)

🛠 工具

• URL Decode Encode

👥 相關

• FileManager uses URLs to locate files.